Indian Institutes of Technology
The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) area unit autonomous public institutes of upper education, placed in India. they're ruled by the Institutes of Technology Act, 1961 that has declared them as establishments of national importance, and lays down their powers, duties, and framework for governance etc. The Institutes of Technology Act, 1961 lists sixteen institutes placed at Madras, Delhi, Guwahati, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Mumbai, Roorkee, Bhubaneswar, Gandhinagar, Hyderabad, Indore, Jodhpur, Mandi, Patna, Ropar and Varanasi. every IIT is associate autonomous establishment, coupled to the others through a standard IIT Council, that oversees their administration. The Union HRD Minister is that the ex-officio presiding officer of IIT Council.
The IITs have a standard admission method for collegian admissions, known as IIT-JEE, that was replaced by Joint entrance exam Advanced in 2013. The post-graduate level program that awards M.Tech, MS degrees in engineering is run by the older IITs (Kharagpur, Bombay, Madras, Kanpur, Delhi, Roorkee, Varanasi, Guwahati). M.Tech and MS admissions area unit done on the idea of Graduate power check in Engineering (GATE). additionally to B.Tech, M.Tech and MS programs, IITs additionally award alternative graduate degrees like M.Sc in Maths, Physics and Chemistry, MBA, PhD etc. Admission to those programs of IITs is finished through Common Admission Test(CAT), Joint Admission check for Masters (JAM) and customary entrance exam for style (CEED). IIT Guwahati and IIT urban center provide collegian style programmes yet. Joint Seat Allocation Authority 2015 (JoSAA 2015) conducted the joint admission method for a complete of eighteen IITs, philosophy Dhanbad.
The history of the IIT system dates back to 1946 once Sir Jogendra Singh of the Viceroy's council came upon a committee whose task was to think about the creation of upper Technical establishments for post-war industrial development in India. The 22-member committee, headed by Nalini Ranjan Sarkar, suggested the institution of those establishments in numerous elements of India, with related to secondary establishments.
The first Indian Institute of Technology was based in might 1950 at the positioning of the Hijli detention home in Kharagpur. beneath Abul Kalam Azad's leadership, the primary Minister of Education within the Indian government, the primary Indian Institute of Technology was estabished in 1951. On fifteen Sep 1956, the Parliament of India passed the Indian Institute of Technology (Kharagpur) Act, declaring it as associate Institute of National Importance. national leader, 1st Prime Minister of India, within the 1st convocation address of IIT Kharagpur in 1956 said:
“ Here within the place of that Hijli detention home stands the fine monument of India, representing India's urges, India's future within the creating. This image appears to ME symbolical of the changes that area unit coming back to India. ”
On the recommendations of the Sarkar Committee, four campuses were established at urban center (1958), Madras (1959), Kanpur (1959), and Old Delhi (1961). the placement of those campuses was chosen to be scattered throughout India to forestall regional imbalance. The Indian Institutes of Technology Act was amended to replicate the addition of recent IITs. Student agitations within the state of province created Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi promise the creation of a brand new IIT in province. This junction rectifier to a sixth field at Guwahati beneath the province Accord in 1994. The University of Roorkee, India's oldest engineering faculty, was presented IIT standing in 2001.
Over the past few years, there are variety of developments toward establishing new IITs. On one October 2003, Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee proclaimed plans to form additional IITs "by upgrading existing tutorial establishments that have the mandatory promise and potential". resulting developments junction rectifier to the formation of the S K Joshi Committee in Gregorian calendar month 2003 to guide the choice of the 5 establishments which might become the 5 new IITs. supported the initial recommendations of the Sarkar Committee, it had been determined that more IITs ought to be unfold throughout the country. once the govt expressed its disposition to correct this regional imbalance, sixteen states demanded IITs. Since the S K Joshi Committee prescribed strict tips for establishments intending to be IITs, solely seven schools were chosen for final thought. Plans also are according to open IITs outside India, although not enough progress has been created during this regard. Eventually within the eleventh 5 year set up, eight states were known for institution of recent IITs, associated IT-BHU was regenerate into an IIT
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